Update on U.S. Supply Chain of Rare Earth Minerals, Metals, and Elements

U.S. Strengthens Global Ties to Secure Rare Earth Minerals and Strategic Metals

In an effort to safeguard access to the materials critical for technology, defense, and clean energy, the United States has recently finalized several high-impact agreements with nations around the world. These deals are designed to reduce America’s dependency on China for rare earth minerals and metals by building strong, diversified supply chains.

Ukraine: A Strategic Mineral Alliance

The U.S. has signed a major minerals agreement with Ukraine, giving American companies privileged access to dozens of key mineral deposits. These include valuable resources like lithium, titanium, and rare earth elements. In return, the U.S. is providing Ukraine with military support and assistance for rebuilding infrastructure. The partnership also includes a jointly managed investment fund to develop these resources, with profits directed toward Ukraine’s recovery over the next decade.

Australia: Expanding Rare Earth and Lithium Production

Australia remains a critical partner for the U.S. in the rare earth and battery materials space. The U.S. government has committed hundreds of millions of dollars to support Australian companies developing rare earth projects and lithium extraction sites. These initiatives are helping fuel both nations’ clean energy goals while building independent supply chains outside of China’s control.

Brazil: Boosting Rare Earth Capabilities

The U.S. is backing a major rare earth mining project in Brazil through financial support to an international mining company. This project is expected to deliver significant volumes of rare earth materials used in magnets, electronics, and renewable energy systems. With this investment, the U.S. is expanding its reach in Latin America and enhancing the global supply of these critical resources.

Madagascar: Securing a New Source of Rare Earths

A U.S. company recently acquired control of a major mineral project in Madagascar, giving the U.S. a more direct hand in rare earth extraction. The monazite mined there—a key source of rare earths—will be shipped to the U.S. for processing, strengthening domestic production of high-demand elements used in everything from wind turbines to military hardware.

Africa: Infrastructure for Mineral Logistics

To support mineral-rich regions in Africa, the U.S. has invested heavily in a cross-border railway project known as the Lobito Corridor. This infrastructure will improve transport of copper, cobalt, and other critical minerals from landlocked mines in central Africa to coastal ports, enabling faster and more efficient exports. It also boosts economic development in Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Zambia.

Kazakhstan: Joint Exploration for Rare Earths

In Central Asia, the U.S. has entered into a partnership with Kazakhstan to explore and develop rare earth deposits. This joint venture aims to identify and process critical minerals within the region, positioning Kazakhstan as a reliable supplier and helping the U.S. establish an integrated supply chain outside of traditional sources.

Indonesia: Negotiating Nickel Access

Talks are ongoing between the U.S. and Indonesia to secure nickel supplies—a key component in electric vehicle batteries. As the world’s largest nickel producer, Indonesia is central to any global effort to scale up EV manufacturing. The U.S. is seeking a trade arrangement that would allow for easier import of Indonesian nickel while supporting responsible mining practices.

Together, these strategic moves represent a major push by the United States to diversify its sources of rare earths and strategic metals, reinforcing economic resilience and national security in a rapidly evolving global landscape.

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